Description

Nori Equine IL-1a ELISA Kit Summary

Alternative names for IL-1a: Interleukin 1 alpha, IL1A

Alternative names for equine: horse

Standard Curve

Kit Components
1. Pre-coated 96-well Microplate
2. Biotinylated Detection Antibody
3. Streptavidin-HRP Conjugate
4. Lyophilized Standards
5. TMB One-Step Substrate
6. Stop Solution
7. 20 x PBS
8. Assay Buffer

Other Materials Required but not Provided:
1. Microplate Reader capable of measuring absorption at 450 nm
2. Log-log graph paper or computer and software for ELISA data analysis
3. Precision pipettes (1-1000 µl)
4. Multi-channel pipettes (300 µl)
5. Distilled or deionized water

Protocol Outline
1. Prepare all reagents, samples and standards as instructed in the datasheet.
2. Add 100 µl of Standard or samples to each well and incubate 1 h at RT.
3. Add 100 µl of Working Detection Antibody to each well and incubate 1 h at RT.
4. Add 100 µl of Working Streptavidin-HRP to each well and incubate 20 min at RT.
5. Add 100 µl of Substrate to each well and incubate 5-30 min at RT.
6. Add 50 µl of Stop Solution to each well and read at 450 nm immediately.

Background:

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is a protein of the interleukin-1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene.^[1] In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis. IL-1α inhibitors are being developed to interrupt those processes and treat diseases. IL-1α is produced mainly by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It possesses metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and plays one of the central roles in the regulation of the immune responses. IL1A has been shown to interact with HAX1,^[2] and NDN.^[3] It binds to the interleukin-1 receptor. ^[4] It is on the pathway that activates tumor necrosis factor-alpha.  IL-1α precursor does not contain a signal peptide fragment. After processing by the removal of N-terminal amino acids by specific proteases, primarily by calpain, a calcium-activated cysteine protease.^[5] Both the 31kDa precursor and 18kDa mature form of IL-1α are biologically active. It is found in substantial amounts in normal human epidermis and is distributed in a 1:1 ratio between living epidermal cells and stratum corneum.^[6] The constitutive production of large amounts of IL-1α precursor by healthy epidermal keratinocytes interfere with the important role of IL-1α in immune responses, assuming skin as a barrier, which prevents the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the body. The essential role of IL-1α in maintenance of skin barrier function, especially with increasing age,^[7] is an additional explanation of IL-1α constitutive production in epidermis. IL-1α has been administered to patients during receiving autologous bone marrow transplantation.^[8] The treatment with 50 ng/kg IL-1α from day zero of autologous bone marrow or stem cells transfer resulted in an earlier recovery of thrombocytopenia compared with historical controls. There is currently a head and neck phase III trial being run by Cel-Sci Corp. involving IL-1a and many other interleukins (Multikine) as an immunotherapy.

References

1. March CJ, et al. (1985). Nature 315 (6021): 641–7.
2. Yin H, et al. (2001). Cytokine 15 (3): 122–37.
3. Hu B, et al. (2003). Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (17): 10008–13.
4. Bankers-Fulbright JL, Kalli KR, McKean DJ (1996). Life Sci. 59 (2): 61–83.
5. Watanabe N, Kobayashi Y (1994). Cytokine 6 (6): 597–601.
6. Hauser C, et al. (1986). Immunol. 136 (9): 3317–23.
7. Barland CO, et al. (2004). Invest. Dermatol. 122 (2): 330–6.
8. Smith JW, et al. (1993). Engl. J. Med. 328 (11): 756–61.

Product Citations