Genorise Recombinant Canine IL-9 Summary

Alternative names for IL-9: Interleukin 9, IL9

Alternative name for canine: Dog

Product Specifications

Background: 

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signaling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.^[1] IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. Among them, Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9. Il-9 is secreted by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells.^[2] Interleukin 33 (IL-33) induces IL-9 expression and secretion in T cells, which was confirmed by the results obtained in mice by using Human in vitro system.^[3] Whereas the report of others confirms that TGF-β is an essential factor for IL-9 induction.^[4] TGF-β may be important for production of IL-9 but it is not only the definite requirement for IL-9 induction, since cultures with IL-33 without TGF-β have noticeably increased secretion of IL-9, suggesting an important role of IL-33, even though that the effect was not found significant on the gene level.^[5] This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins namely STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. ^[6] The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Interleukin-9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice.^[7] Additionally, it gives rise to the multiplication of hematologic neoplasia and also Hodgkin’s lymphoma in humans but IL-9 also has antitumor properties in solid tumors, for example melanoma.

References

1. Kelleher K, et al. (1991). Blood. 77 (7): 1436–41.
2. Perumal NB, Kaplan MH (2011). Trends in Immunology. 32 (4): 146–50.
3. Humphreys NE, et al. (2008). Journal of Immunology. 180 (4): 2443–9.
4. Beriou G, et al. (2010). Journal of Immunology. 185 (1): 46–54.
5. Blom L, et al. (2011). PLoS One. 6 (7): e21695. doi:1371/journal.pone.0021695.
6. Purwar R, et al. (2012). Nature Medicine. 18 (8): 1248–53.
7. Knoops L, Renauld JC (2004). Growth Factors. 22 (4): 207–15.